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Eight Impressionism exhibitions
1874 - 1886 |
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»8ᵐᵉ exposition de peinture«
1886
Eighth exhibition 1886 in Paris
15 May - 15 June 1886
Rue Laffitte 1/ corner Boulevard des Italiens
246 works in the catalogue (3 out of catalogue) - 17 artists
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The idea of organising another, eighth exhibition emerged around 1885. Pissarro wrote to Monet on 7 December 1885: "For some time now there has been much talk of an exhibition. I was with Mary Cassatt and she immediately started talking about it. Could we talk about it too? You and I, Degas, Caillebotte, Berthe Morisot, Guillaumin, Mlle Cassatt and two or three others would form an excellent nucleus. The only difficulty is to come to an agreement. I think that, in principle, we should not organise a show of us alone (i.e. Durand-Ruel elements)." For Pissarro, the simple reason for excluding Durand-Ruel was that the art dealer did not think much of Seurat, Signac and their pointillism and criticised Pissarro for devoting himself to this type of painting. However, the painters' mutual understanding also diminished, with Pissarro labelling those still painting in Impressionism as "Romantics" of this style. In any case, the negotiations initially came to nothing.
At the beginning of 1886, Berthe Morisot and her husband Eugène Manet tried to persuade the friends to organise a group exhibition. It continued to be difficult, as Pissarro's request to include the painters Seurat and Signac was now added to the ongoing theme of "Degas and his friends", which met with little favour. As a result, Berthe Morisot and Eugène Manet initially gave up their commitment.
Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin now tried to mediate between the groups. He considered it a difficulty that, with the departure of Degas, Cassatt and Morisot, those who were financially able to absorb any losses would not join in. For most Impressionists, money worries were still an issue, even if paintings could now be sold at slightly better prices. There were fierce clashes during the negotiations, especially between Pissarro and Eugène Manet. The inclusion of the Pointillists and above all Seurat's large painting "Grand Jatte", a picture measuring 207 x 308 cm, was a major point of contention.
In the end, a result was reached. Pissarro, Seurat and Signac were to exhibit together with Pissarro's son Lucien in a separate room. Gauguin agreed to participate, but brought his friend Schufenecker with him, which again led to quarrels and arguments. Much to Pissarro's annoyance, Berthe Morisot and her husband agreed to Gauguin's request. Monet now finally cancelled. His motives are not known, but it is assumed that the participation of Seurat and Signac was the deciding factor. Caillebotte, Sisley and Renoir followed his example. Monet will instead take part in a major exhibition organised by the art dealer Petit.
The rooms are located on the second floor of the Maison Dorée, a famous restaurant at the time.
New to the circle at the exhibition were: Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Odilon Redon, as well as Pissarro's son Lucien Pissarro. Other participants: Marie Bracquemond, Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Jean-Louis Forain, Paul Gauguin, Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin, Berthe Morisot, Camille Pissarro, Henri Rouart, Emile Schufenecker, Charles Tillot, Paul-Victor Vignon and Frederico Zandomeneghi.
Organisation: Berthe Morisot and her husband Eugène Manet
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Examples of the pictures from the eighth exhibition:
The numbers given in the 1886 catalogue are placed in front of the picture titles below.
The picture titles correspond to those in the 1886 catalogue.
The provenance information lists those research sources that indicate certain proof of the respective work in the exhibition or (•) a high probability.
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Marie Bracquemond
8 pictures in the catalogue
• No. 1 - Jeunes Filles. Carton fusain
1875/80 - 30,7 x 38,9 cm - Drawing on cardboard
Louvre, Paris >
No. 3 - Les joueuses de jaques.
1875/80 - 57 x 78 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Auktion Articurial France
No. 4 - Portrait de M. F. Bracquemond.
1886 - 55 x 42 cm - Öl auf Holz
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
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Mary Cassatt
7 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 7 - Jeune fille à la fenêtre.
1883 - 100 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 8 - Jeune fille au jardin.
1880/82 - 92 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée d'Orsay >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 9 - Étude.
1886 - 75 x 62 cm - Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 11 - Enfants sur la plage.
1884 - 97 x 74 cm - Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 12 - Enfants au jardin.
1878 - 65 x 81 cm - Oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
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Edgar Degas
15 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 14 - Femme essayant un chapeau chez sa modiste. (Pastel).
1882 - 76 x 86 cm - Pastel on paper
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 15 - Petites modistes. (Pastel).
1882 - 48 x 69 cm - Pastel on paper
Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 16 - Portrait. (Pastel).
ca. 1885 - 39 x 39 cm - Pastel on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Sotheby's/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas |
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Degas exhibited a series of nudes under the title: Têtes de femme. Suite de nuds de femmes se baignant, se lavant, se séchant, s'essuyant, se peignant ou se faisant peigner (Pastels) Some examples (only numbered in the catalogue): (order and selection not certain - only six were shown)
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No. 19 - 1
1886 - 60 x 83 cm - Pastel on paper
Musée d’Orsay, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 20 - 2
1885/86 - 50 x 54 cm - Pastel on Chamois-Velin mounted on cardboard
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 21 - 3
1885 - 81 x 56 cm - Pastel on paper
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 22 - 4
1885 - 80 x 51 cm - Pastel on paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 23 - 5
1884 - 50 x 50 cm - Pastel on paper
Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 24 - 6
ca. 1886 - 67 x 52 cm - Pastel on paper
Henry and Rose Perlman Foundation, Montréal - Canada >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 25 - 7
1884 - 45 x 65 cm - Charcoal and pastel on paper
The Burell Collection, Glasgow >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 25 - 8
ca. 1886 - 54,3 x 52,4 cm - Pastel on cardboard
Musée d'Orsay, Paris >
Provenance: Museum/•Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
No. 25 - 9
ca. 1883 - 19,7 x 41 cm - Pastel over monotype on paper
Musée d'Orsay, Paris >
Provenance: Museum/Catalogue Raisonné Edgar Degas
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Jean-Louis Forain
13 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 29 - Femme à sa toilette.
1884 - 65 x 55 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffet/Berson
No. 30 - Place de la Concorde.
1884 - 71 x 51 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffet/Berson
No. 33 - Femme respirant des fleurs.
ca. 1883 - 73,7 × 60 cm - Pastel on paper
The Dixon Gallery, Memphis >
Provenance: Berson
(except catalogue) hc. - Portrait de Jacques-Emile Blanche
1884 - 64 x 40 cm - Oil on cardboard
Musée de beaux arts, Rouen
>
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
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Paul Gauguin
19 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 43 - Vaches au repos.
1885 - 64 x 80 cm - Oil on canvas
Museum Boymans van Beuningen, Rotterdam >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 160
No. 44 - Vache dans l’eau.
1885 - 45 x 55 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 159
No. 45 - Un coin de la mare.
1885 - 81 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Galleria d’Arte Moderne, Milano
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 158
No. 46 - Les saules.
1885 - 89 x 48 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 156
No. 47 - Près de la ferme.
1885 - 56 x 100 cm - Oil on canvas
• Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 161
• No. 48 - Paysage d’hiver.
1885 - 78 x 57 cm - Oil on canvas
Fred Jones Jr Museum of Art, Norman (Oklahoma) >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 50 - L’église.
1884 - 73 x 60 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 102
No. 51 - Vue de Rouen.
1884 - 93 x 73 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Christie's/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 103
No. 53 - Les baigneuses.
1885 - 38 x 46 cm - Oil on canvas
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 167
No. 54 - Fleurs, fantaisie.
1886 - 50 x 63 cm - Oil on canvas
Philadelphia Museum of Art >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 55 - Route de Rouen.
1884 - 93 x 53 cm - Oil on canvas
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 106
No. 56 - Parc, Danemarck.
1885 - 59 x 73 cm - Oil on canvas
Kevingrow Art Gallery, Glasgow
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 57 - Conversation.
1885 - 60 x 74 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Gauguin - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 144
No. 58 - Chemin de la ferme.
1885 - 81 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterloh >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 59 - Falaises.
1884 - 38 x 56 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Auktion VanHam/Christie's
No. 60 - Portrait.
1886 - 55 x 46 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée départemental Maurice Denis, Saint-Germein-en-Laye >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
(außer Katalog) hc. - La Toilette
1882 - 34 x 55 x 7 cm - Pear wood
Musée de la Ville de Strasbourg
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
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Armand Guillaumin
20 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 62 - Crèpuscule à Damiette.
1885 - 72 x 139 cm - Oil on canvas
Petit Palais, Genf
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 65 - Portrait.
1886 - 65 x 54 cm - Oil on canvas
Van Gogh Museum. Amsterdam >
Provenance: Berson/Museum
No. 75 - Pêcheurs.
1885 - 81 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée d'Orsay, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
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Berthe Morisot
14 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 82 - Jeune fille sur l'herbe.
1885 - 73 x 60 cm - Oil on canvas
Ordrupgaard Collection, Kopenhagen >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 173
No. 83 - Jardin à Bougival.
1884 - 72 x 92 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée Marmottan, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 148
No. 85 - Petite servante.
1886 - 61 x 50 cm - Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 194
No. 87 - Le lever.
1885 - 65 x 54 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 191
No. 88 - Paysage à Nice.
1882 - 55 x 43 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 89 - Roses trémières.
1884 - 65 x 54 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée Marmottan, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 157
No. 90 - Portrait de Mlle L.
ca. 1885 - 49 x 42 cm - Pastel on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Christie's/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 482
No. 91 - Portrait de Mlle P. G.
1886 - 73 x 60 cm - Pastel on canvas
Private collection Monte Carlo Art S.A.
Provenance: Berson/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 501
No. 93 - Série des aquarelles - a) Deux bébés aux Tuileries
1885 - 17 x 22 cm - Watercolour and pencil on paper
Statens Museum for Kunst, København >
Provenance: Berson
No. 94 - Eventails - a) Le Patinage
1886 - ø 47 cm - Watercolour on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 703
No. 94bis - Au bain.
1885/86 - 91 x 73 cm - Oil on canvas
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Morisot - Catalogue Raisonné Wildenstein No. 190
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Camille Pissarro
20 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 95 - Vue de ma fenêtre par temps gris.
1886 - 65 x 80 cm - Oil on canvas
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 825
No. 96 - Prairies de Bazincourt, le matin.
1885 - 54 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Uehara Museum, Shimda - Japan >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 792
No. 98 - Poiriers en fleurs, matin.
1886 - 54 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Pola Museum of Art, Hankone Japan >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 823
No. 100 - La cueillette de pommes.
1886 - 126 x 127 cm - Oil on canvas
Ohara Museum of Art, Kurashiki (Japan) >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 824
No. 102 - Plein Soleil. - Paysanne aux champs.
1886 - 36 x 46 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Sotheby's/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 830
No. 102bis - Mère et enfant.
1886 - 41 x 32 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Wildenstein: Pissarro Vol III Nr 818
No. 105 - Gardeuse d'oies.
1886 - 26 x 36 cm - Gouache
Private collection
Provenance: Berson
No. 106 - Eventail. (Paysannes). Gouache.
1886 - 30 x 61 cm - Gouache
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 109 - Récolte de pommes de terre. (Eau-forte).
1886 - 27,5 x 21,9 cm - Drypoint and aquatint
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
Two prints with the same catalogue number:
No. 110 - (a) Rue de l’Epicerie, à Rouen. (Eau-forte).
1883/85 - 17 x 15 cm - Etching
Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 110 - (b) Rue Malpalue, à Rouen. (Eau-forte).
1884/86 - 19,8 x 15 cm - Etching
Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 111 - Vaches et paysage. (Eau-forte).
1885 - 16 x 21,8 cm - Etching and aquatinata
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
Two prints with the same catalogue number:
No. 113 - (a) Paysage à Rouen. (Eau-forte).
1884 - 14,8 x 19,5 cm - Etching and aquatint
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 113 - (b) Paysage à Osny. (Eau-forte).
1885 - 12 x 15,7 cm - Etching
Provenance: Berson
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Lucien Pissarro
10 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 114 - Nature morte.
1885 - 65 x 81 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Sotheby's
Graphics with the same catalogue number 123 (all engravings sur bois):
Provenance: Berson/• Moffett
No. 123 (b) - Lapin
1884 - 7 x 15,5 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 (c) - Femme à l’herbe
1884 - 10,3 x 6,6 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 (d) - Femme lisant
1884 - 15,1 x 13,5 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 (e) - Pâtissier
1884 - 13,2 x 5,6 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 (f) - Marchande de marrons
1884 - 15,4 x 12,2 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 (h) - Ravadeuse
1884 - 8,7 x 8,5 cm - Wood engraving
No. 123 - Curé à la promenade
1884 - 8,4 x 7,7 cm - Wood engraving
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Odilon Redon
15 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 124 - Tête laurée.
ca. 1881/86 - 50 x 36 cm - Charcoal on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Redon-Catalogue Raisonnée I Nr 143
No. 125 - Le secret.
ca. 1881/86 - 39,3 x 32,7 cm - Charcoal on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Redon-Catalogue Raisonnée II Nr 1065
No. 126 - Homme primitif.
1872 - 33,3 x 33,8 cm - Charcoal, chalk and gouache on cream-coloured Veltlin
Art Institute Chicago >
Provenance: Museum
No. 130 - Beatrix.
ca. 1881/86 - 42 x 37 cm - Charcoal on paper
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Redon-Catalogue Raisonnée I Nr 144
No. 132 - Salomé
ca. 1880/85 - 21,9 x 19,8 cm - Charcoal and black chalk on paper
Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas Coty >
Provenance: Museum
No. 137 - Profil de lumière.
ca. 1881 - 35 x 23 cm - Charcoal and white chalk on paper
Musée de Petit Palais, Paris
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
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Georges Seurat
9 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 175 - Un dimanche à la Grande-Jatte (1884).
1884/86 - 207 x 308 cm - Oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 176 - Le bec du Hoc (Grand Camp).
1885 - 65 x 82 cm - Oil on canvas
Tate Gallery, London >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 177 - Le fort Samson (Grand Camp).
1885 - 65 x 82 cm - Oil on canvas
Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg >
Provenance: Berson
No. 178 - La rade de Grand-Camp.
1885 - 65 x 81 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Christie's
No. 179 - La Seine, à Courbevoie.
1885 - 81 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 180 - Les pêcheurs.
ca. 1883 - 16,2 x 24,8 cm - Oil on canvas
Musée d’art moderne de Troyes >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 181 - Une parade. (Dessin).
1883/84 - 32 x 24 cm - Conté pencil
The Phillips Collection, Washington >
Provenance: Berson
No. 182 - Condoléances (Dessin).
1886 - 24 x 32 cm - Conté pencil
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 183 - La banquiste (Dessin).
ca. 1883/86 - 31,5 x 24 cm - Conté pencil
Private collection
Provenance: Berson
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Paul Signac
18 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 184 - Apprêteuse et Garnisseuse (Modes), rue de Caire.
1885/86 - 112 x 89 cm - Oil on canvas
Sammlung E. G. Bührle, Zürich >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 185 - La Berge, Asnières.
1885 - 89 x 112 cm - Oil on canvas
Museum of Modern Art, Saitama, Japan >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 186 - Le Moulin de Pierre Hâlé, Saint-Briac.
1884 - 60 x 92 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 188 - Les Gazomètres, Clichy.
1886 - 65 x 81 - Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne (Australien) >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 190 - La passe balisée, Saint Briac.
1885 - 50 x 79 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 191 - La neige, boulevard Clichy.
1886 - 47 x 66 cm - Oil on canvas
Minneapolis Institute of Arts >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 192 - Bonne Brise de N 1/4 NO, Saint-Briac.
1885 - 45 x 64 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 195 - L'Embranchement de Bois-Colombes.
1886 - 33 x 47 cm - Oil on canvas
Leeds City Art Gallery
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
No. 197 - Le Port Hue, Saint-Briac.
1885 - 45 x 65 cm - Oil on canvas
Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam >
Provenance: Moffett/Berson/Museum
No. 198 - La Grue «l'Union», Ile Saint-Louis.
1884 - 33 x 46 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson/Karl&Faber-Auktion
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Ferderico Zandomeneghi
12 Pictures in the catalogue
No. 235 - Peinture.
1885 - 90 x 70 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Berson
No. 237 - Peinture.
1881 - 66 x 54 cm - Oil on canvas
Private collection
Provenance: Moffett/Berson
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This exhibition was once again the subject of heated public debate, ranging from euphoria to total rejection. There were only three painters still represented who carried on the Impressionist element: Berthe Morisot, Gauguin and Guillaumin. Some visitors found Degas' series of nudes indecent. However, as much as Degas' pastels were discussed, the greatest interest was shown in Seurat's painting of the "Grande Jatte", which dominated the room. The result was that the paintings by Seurat, Pissarro and Signac were difficult or impossible to distinguish. The public did not recognise the differences. Newspapers reported that the individuality of painting had been destroyed.
After the exhibition, one could witness the final break-up of the Impressionist group. Everyone was now trying to get ahead individually in exhibitions. They rarely talked to each other and hardly ever met. However, it should also be noted that Impressionist painting was now slowly being recognised and the individual artists were now achieving good prices. Durand-Ruel, who was now successful in the USA with his presentation, again played a large part in this. In the meantime, Impressionism had cast its spell over artists in other countries, e.g. Max Liebermann in Germany, Anders Zorn in Sweden and William Chase in the USA.
At the end of the eight Impressionist exhibitions between 1874 and 1886, here are a few of the caricatures published in the newspapers about the exhibitions:
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"Wait here for me, doll, let me go first, to make sure that no picture impresses you with your condition".
(Le Charivari, 23 May 1886)
With the Impressionists "What are you doing here?" "I've been told there's a lot of talent in this painting.... I'll see if we haven't hung it the wrong way round..."
(Caricature of PIF in Le Charivari, 10 April 1881)
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